Geneticists study and focus their research on genetics. They analyse the fashion in which genes interact, operate, and inherit traits and characteristics. Based on their research, they attend patients with inherited diseases and conditions, congenital malformations, and genetic matters at large.
ISCO skill level is defined as a function of the complexity and range of tasks and duties to be performed in an occupation. It is measured on a scale from 1 to 4, with 1 the lowest level and 4 the highest, by considering:
the nature of the work performed in an occupation in relation to the characteristic tasks and duties
the level of formal education required for competent performance of the tasks and duties involved and
the amount of informal on-the-job training and/or previous experience in a related occupation required for competent performance of these tasks and duties.
These occupations require some skills and knowledge of geneticist. They also require other skills and knowledge, but at a higher ISCO skill level, meaning these occupations are accessible from a position of geneticist with a significant experience and/or extensive training.
This knowledge should be acquired through learning to fulfill the role of geneticist.
Microbiology-bacteriology: Microbiology-Bacteriology is a medical specialty mentioned in the EU Directive 2005/36/EC. Genetics: The study of heredity, genes and variations in living organisms. Genetic science seeks to understand the process of trait inheritance from parents to offspring and the structure and behaviour of genes in living beings. Biotechnology: The technology that uses, modifies or harnesses biological systems, organisms and cellular components to develop new technologies and products for specific uses. Laboratory techniques: Techniques applied in the different fields of natural science in order to obtain experimental data such as gravimetric analysis, gas chromatography, electronic or thermic methods. Biology: Tissues, cells, and functions of plant and animal organisms and their interdependencies and interactions with each other and the environment. Medical genetics: The diagnosis, types and treatment of hereditary disorders; a type of genetics which refers to the application to medical care. Genetic engineering: Manipulation of the genetic material of an organism using methods that insert new DNA into or remove heritable material from the genome. Scientific research methodology: The theoretical methodology used in scientific research involving doing background research, constructing an hypothesis, testing it, analysing data and concluding the results.
These skills are necessary for the role of geneticist.
Perform laboratory tests: Carry out tests in a laboratory to produce reliable and precise data to support scientific research and product testing. Undertake research in medical genetics: Undertake research to study patterns of genetic variation in human populations, the causes of these variations, and how they influence disease susceptibility, studying gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions in multifactorial diseases and chromosomal abnormalities, gene expression in early human development, and the influence of genes on behaviour. Perform scientific research: Gain, correct or improve knowledge about phenomena by using scientific methods and techniques, based on empirical or measurable observations. Apply scientific methods: Apply scientific methods and techniques to investigate phenomena, by acquiring new knowledge or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. Interpret laboratory data in medical genetics: Undertake diagnostic studies and biochemical genetic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic analyses, interpreting the obtained laboratory data. Decide on type of genetic testing: Find the appropriate tests for a particular patient, considering tests on molecular genetics, cytogenetics, and specialised biochemistry. Report analysis results: Produce research documents or give presentations to report the results of a conducted research and analysis project, indicating the analysis procedures and methods which led to the results, as well as potential interpretations of the results. Evaluate genetic data: Evaluate genetic data by applying statistical calculations and analysing the results.
This knowledge is sometimes, but not always, required for the role of geneticist. However, mastering this knowledge allows you to have more opportunities for career development.
Biological chemistry: Biological chemistry is a medical specialty mentioned in the EU Directive 2005/36/EC. Botany: The taxonomy or classification of plant life, phylogeny and evolution, anatomy and morphology, and physiology. General medicine: General medicine is a medical specialty mentioned in the EU Directive 2005/36/EC. Pharmacology: Pharmacology is a medical specialty mentioned in the EU Directive 2005/36/EC. Virology: The structure, characteristics, evolution and interactions of viruses and the diseases they cause. Clinical cytology: The science of the formation, structure, and function of cells. Immunology: Immunology is a medical specialty mentioned in the EU Directive 2005/36/EC. Molecular biology: The interactions between the various systems of a cell, the interactions between the different types of genetic material and how these interactions are regulated. Professional documentation in health care: The written standards applied in the health care professional environments for documentation purposes of one`s activity. Ecology: The study of how organisms interact and their relation to the ambient environment. Histology: The microscopic analysis of cells and tissues. Chemistry: The composition, structure, and properties of substances and the processes and transformations that they undergo; the uses of different chemicals and their interactions, production techniques, risk factors, and disposal methods. Embryology: The normal development of the embryo, the aetiology of developmental anomalies such as genetic aspects and organogenesis and the natural history of abnormalities diagnosed before birth.
These skills and competences are sometimes, but not always, required for the role of geneticist. However, mastering these skills and competences allows you to have more opportunities for career development.
Write research proposals: Synthetise and write proposals aiming to solve research problems. Draft the proposal baseline and objectives, the estimated budget, risks and impact. Document the advances and new developments on the relevant subject and field of study. Advise on prenatal diagnosis for genetic diseases: Advise patients on reproductive options, including prenatal diagnosis or pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, and direct patients and their families to additional sources of advice and support. Liaise with genetic laboratories: Maintain communication with genetic laboratories in order to obtain results on genetic testing. Assist in clinical trials: Work with fellow scientists on clinical trials in order to improve medical methods for preventing, detecting, diagnosing, or treating diseases. Analyse blood samples: Analyse blood samples using computer-aided and manual techniques, looking for white or red blood cell abnormalities and other risk factors. Take referrals for genetic testing: Receive patients who have been referred to genetic testing by other specialists, taking into account the patients` condition such as patients with birth defects, developmental delay, autism, epilepsy). Develop scientific theories: Formulate scientific theories based on empirical observations, gathered data and theories of other scientists. Manage ethical dilemmas in genetic testing: Deal with ethical limits of what genetic testing can provide in specific clinical situations. Develop scientific research protocols: Develop and record the procedural method used for a specific scientific experiment in order to enable its replication. Maintain genetic registers: Maintain accurate genetic registers for a long period of time, as they continue to be relevant to patients` descendants` and succeeding generations. Archive scientific documentation: Store documents such as protocols, analysis results and scientific data using archiving systems to enable scientists and engineers to take methods and results from previous studies into account for their research. Undertake genetic risk assessment: Investigate patients or their relatives for genetic risks and recurrence risks. Write scientific papers: Present the hypothesis, findings, and conclusions of your scientific research in your field of expertise in a professional publication. Provide technical expertise: Provide expert knowledge in a particular field, especially concerning mechanical or scientific subjects, to decision makers, engineers, technical staff or journalists. Develop pharmaceutical drugs: Develop new therapeutic products according to the potential formulas, studies and indications recorded during the research process which involved also collaboration with physicians, biochemists and pharmacologists. Diagnose genetic diseases: Diagnose genetic disorders and congenital malformations, which may be caused by one or several abnormalities in the genome. Assess environmental impact: Monitor environmental impacts and carry out assessments in order to identify and to reduce the organisation’s environmental risks while taking costs into account. Develop patient treatment strategies: Consult with fellow doctors and scientists in order to find the appropriate and most effective treatment for each individual patient. Provide genetic counselling: Provide patients affected by genetic diseases with support and help them manage their disease and improve their quality of life.
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