Scientific research methodology

Essential for

• Biomedical engineer
  Biomedical engineers combine knowledge of engineering principles and biological findings for the development of medical treatments, medicaments, and general healthcare purposes. Th…
• Criminologist
  Criminologists study conditions pertaining to humans such as the social and psychological aspects that could lead them to commit criminal acts. They observe and analyse different f…
• Historian
  A Historian is a scholar who studies and interprets past events, societies, and cultures. They analyze historical documents, artifacts, and other sources to understand and reconstr…
• Chemist
  Chemists perform laboratory research by testing and analysing the chemical structure of substances.They translate the research results into industrial production processes which ar…
• Kinesiologist
  A Kinesiologist is a healthcare and movement science professional who studies human motion and applies this knowledge to improve health, fitness, rehabilitation, and performance. T…
• Cosmetic chemist
  Cosmetic chemists develop formulas in order to create and test new cosmetic products and improve existing cosmetic products such as perfumes and fragrances, lipstick, waterproof lo…
• Environmental scientist
  An Environmental Scientist studies the natural environment and works to protect it by identifying, analyzing, and mitigating human impacts on air, water, soil, and ecosystems. They…
• Sociologist
  Sociologists focus their research on explaining social behaviour and the way people have organised themselves as a society. They research and explain the way societies have evolved…
• Biophysicist
  A Biophysicist is a scientist who studies the physical principles that govern the structures and processes of biological systems. They apply concepts from physics, chemistry, biolo…
• Media scientist
  Media scholars research the role and impact that media has on the society. They observe and document the usage of different kinds of media such as newspapers, radio and…
• Archaeologist
  Archaeologists research and study past civilisations and settlements through collecting and inspecting material remains. They analyse and draw conclusions on a wide array of matter…
• Physiologist
  A Physiologist is a scientist who studies the functions and mechanisms of living organisms, focusing on how cells, tissues, organs, and systems work together to support life. Physi…
• Botanical technician
  Botanical technicians provide technical assistance in researching and testing different plant species to monitor their properties such as growth and structure. They collect and ana…
• Biology technician
  Biology technicians provide technical assistance in researching and analysing the relationship between living organisms and their environment. They use laboratory equipment to exam…
• Social work practice educator
  Social work practice educators teach, supervise and assess social work students prior, during and after they have obtained their degree. They contribute to their placement and have…
• Social work researcher
  Social work researchers manage research projects aiming to investigate and provide reports on social issues. They first perform research by gathering information through interviews…
• Research engineer
  Research engineers combine research skills and knowledge of engineering principles aiming to improve through research, processes, techniques, products, and systems at large. They p…
• Toxicologist
  A Toxicologist is a scientist who studies the effects of chemicals, toxins, and other potentially harmful substances on living organisms. Their work is crucial in determining the s…
• Lexicographer
  A lexicographer is a linguistic professional who specializes in compiling, editing, and defining words and phrases for dictionaries and other reference materials. Lexicographers pl…
• Oceanographer
  Oceanographers study and perform research on matters related to the sea and oceans. They divide their expertise into four main branches of research: physical oceanographers, whose …
• Political scientist
  A Political Scientist is an expert who studies the origin, development, and operation of political systems, public policies, governments, and political behavior. They analyze the s…
• Hydrologist
  Hydrologists research and study the quality, current challenges, and distribution of water on Earth. They study water supply from rivers, streams, and springs to determine their ad…
• Analytical chemist
  An analytical chemist is a highly skilled professional who specializes in the analysis of substances to determine their composition, structure, and properties. These professionals …
• Astronomer
  An astronomer is a specialized scientist who studies celestial objects, phenomena, and the universe as a whole. Astronomers use a combination of observations, mathematical models, …
• Educational researcher
  Educational researchers perform research in the area of education. They strive to broaden the knowledge on how education processes, educational systems, and individuals (teachers …
• Intellectual property consultant
  Intellectual property consultants provide advice on the usage of intellectual property assests such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks. They help clients to value, in monetary …
• University research assistant
  University research assistants conduct academic research for the university or college they are employed in. They may assist professors they are affiliated with, their supervisor, …
• Business analyst
  Business analysts research and understand the strategic position of businesses and companies in relation to their markets and their stakeholders. They analyse and present their vie…
• Librarian
  Librarians manage libraries and perform related library services. They manage, collect and develop information resources. They make information available, accessible and discoverab…
• Geneticist
  A Geneticist is a scientist who studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. Their work is crucial for understanding how traits are passed from one generatio…
• Government planning inspector
  Government planning inspectors monitor the development and implementation of government plans and policies, as well as processing planning and policy proposals, and performing insp…
• Employment programme coordinator
  Employment programme coordinators research and develop employment programmes and policies to improve employment standards and reduce issues such as unemployment. They supervise pro…
• Communication scientist
  Communication scientists research the different aspects of the planning, collecting, creating, organizing, preserving, using, evaluating and exchanging information through verbal o…
• Religion scientific researcher
  Religion scientific researchers study concepts related to religions, beliefs and spirituality. They apply rationality in the pursue of morality and ethics by studying of scripture,…
• Biochemist
  A Biochemist is a scientist who studies the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. Their work is at the intersection of biology and chemistry, explor…
• ICT research consultant
  ICT research consultants perform targeted ICT research and provide a final report to the client. They also use ICT tools to design questionnaires for surveys, analyse the results, …
• Radiographer
  Radiographers use a range of technologies to examine, treat and care for patients. They work in the fields of Medical Imaging, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine and apply ionising …
• Physicist
  A physicist is a highly specialized scientist who studies the fundamental principles of nature and the properties of matter and energy. This field of science encompasses a wide ran…
• Palaeontologist
  A Palaeontologist is a scientist who studies the history of life on Earth through the examination of fossilized remains, including bones, shells, footprints, and other traces of an…
• Aquatic animal health professional
  Aquatic animal health professionals diagnose, prevent, and treat diseases, injuries, and dysfunctions of aquatic animals by implementing appropriate sampling protocols. They superv…
• Mineralogist
  Mineralogists study the composition, structure and other physical aspects of the earth. They analyse various minerals and use scientific equipment to determine their structure and …
• Human rights officer
  Human rights officers investigate and handle human rights violations, as well as develop plans to reduce violations and to ensure compliance to human rights legislation. They inves…
• Nurse responsible for general care
  A nurse responsible for general care is a health care professional qualified to practise nursing both individually and in cooperation with others. Nurses responsible for general ca…
• Biochemistry technician
  Biochemistry technicians provide technical assistance in researching, analysing and testing the reactions caused by chemicals in living organisms. They use laboratory equipment to …
• Thanatology researcher
  Thanatology researchers study death and the dying in a variety of scientific fields such as psychology, sociology, physiology and anthropology. They contribute to the growth of kno…
• Economist
  Economists perform research and develop theories in the field of economics, whether for microeconomic or macroeconomic analysis. They study trends, analyse statistical data, and to…
• ICT research manager
  ICT research managers plan, manage and monitor research activities and evaluate emerging trends in the information and communication technology field to assess their relevance. The…
• Aerodynamics engineer
  An Aerodynamics Engineer specializes in studying how air interacts with solid objects, particularly aircraft, spacecraft, and vehicles, to optimize their performance, efficiency, a…
• Osteopath
  An osteopath is an individual who has completed an appropriate education in osteopathy and continues to demonstrate the required standards. (example: CEN Standard) Osteopaths provi…
• Environmental expert
  An environmental expert is a highly knowledgeable professional specializing in various aspects of environmental science, policy, and management. This role involves addressing envir…
• Microbiologist
  A Microbiologist is a scientist who studies microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and parasites, that are invisible to the naked eye but have a significant impac…
• Physics technician
  Physics technicians monitor physical processes and perform tests for manufacturing, educational or scientific purposes. They work in laboratories, schools or production facilities …
• Linguist
  A linguist is a professional who specializes in the scientific study of language and its structure. They analyze language to understand its components, evolution, and variations, c…
• Statistician
  Statisticians collect, tabulate, and, most importantly, analyse quantitative information coming from a varied array of fields. They interpret and analyse statistical studies on fie…
• Anthropologist
  Anthropologists research all aspects of life pertaining to humans. They study the various civilisations that have existed along the time and their ways of organisation. They attemp…
• Psychotherapist
  Psychotherapists assist and treat healthcare users with varying degrees of psychological, psychosocial, or psychosomatic behavioural disorders and pathogenic conditions by means of…
• Biometrician
  A biometrician is a professional who applies statistical and mathematical methods to examine continuous traits, such as those related to genetics and inheritance. They are involved…
• Immunologist
  An Immunologist is a medical scientist or physician who specializes in the study of the immune system, including its function, disorders, and response to pathogens like bacteria, v…
• Epidemiologist
  An Epidemiologist is a public health professional who studies patterns, causes, and effects of diseases and health conditions within populations. They are at the forefront of disea…
• Seismologist
  Seismologists study the movement of tectonic plaques in the Earth which causes the propagation of seismic waves and earthquakes. They study and observe the various sources causing …
• Geographer
  Geographers are scholars who study human and physical geography. Depending on their specialisation, they study political, economical and cultural aspects of humanity contained with…
• Cosmologist
  Cosmologists are highly specialized scientists who focus on the study of the universe as a whole, which is made up by its origin, evolution and ultimate fate. They use…
• Philosopher
  A Philosopher is a scholar who studies and explores fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Through critical analysis, systematic argu…
• Research manager
  Research managers oversee the research and development functions of a research facility or program or university. They support the executive staff, coordinate work activities, and …
• Geologist
  Geologists research the materials that form the earth. Their observations depend on the purpose of the research. Depending on their specialisation, geologists study how the Earth h…
• Computer scientist
  Computer scientists conduct research in computer and information science, directed toward greater knowledge and understanding of fundamental aspects of ICT phenomena. They write re…
• Biologist
  A Biologist is a scientist who studies living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, and interactions with the environment. Biologists work in various f…
• Clinical informatics manager
  Clinical informatics managers oversee the daily operations of information systems used in a medical institutions. They also carry out research, using their understanding of clinica…
• Bacteriology technician
  Bacteriology technicians provide technical assistance in researching and testing bacteria using laboratory equipment. They collect and analyse data for experiments, compile reports…
• Literary scholar
  Literary scholars research works of literature, history of literature, genres, and literary criticism in order to appraise the works and the surrounding aspects in an appropriate c…
• Education policy officer
  Education policy officers research, analyse and develop education policies, and implement these policies to improve the existing education system. They try to improve all aspects o…
• Metrologist
  A metrologist is a professional specializing in the measurement science, known as metrology. Metrologists play a crucial role in ensuring accuracy, precision, and consistency in me…
• Geology technician
  Geology technicians assist in all the activities carried out by geologists. They, under the supervision of geologists, collect materials, carry out research and study the samples c…
• Zoology technician
  Zoology technicians provide technical assistance in researching and testing animal species using laboratory equipment. They aid in research concerning animals as well as their envi…
• Demographer
  Demographers are population specialists who collect and analyze vital statistics related to human population changes, such as births, marriages, and deaths. They plan and conduct r…

Optional for

• Performing arts theatre instructor
  Performing arts theatre instructors educate students in specific theory and, primarily, practice-based theatre courses at a specialised theatre, or acting, school or conservatory a…
• Housing policy officer
  Housing policy officers research, analyse and develop housing policies which enable affordable and adequate housing for all. They implement these policies to improve the housing si…
• Economics lecturer
  Economics lecturers are subject professors, assistant professors, teachers, lectures, assistant lecturers, mentors who instruct students in their own specialised field of study, ec…
• Medicine lecturer
  Medicine lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers, and often doctors who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own speci…
• Meteorology technician
  Meteorology technicians collect large amounts of meteorological information for weather information users such as aviation companies or meteorological institutions. They operate sp…
• University teaching assistant
  University teaching assistants are graduate students or recent graduates employed on a temporary contract at a university or a college for teaching-related responsibilities. They a…
• Sociology lecturer
  Sociology lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of st…
• Translator
  Translators transcribe written documents from one or more languages to another, ensuring that the message and nuances therein remain in the translated material. They translate mate…
• Nursing lecturer
  Nursing lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers, and often doctors who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specia…
• Meteorologist
  Meteorologists are scientists who specialize in the study of the Earth's atmosphere, weather patterns, and climatic conditions. They use a combination of scientific principles, obs…
• Interpreter
  Interpreters understand and convert spoken communication from one language to another. They retain considerable amounts of information, often with note-taking, and communicate it i…
• Regional development policy officer
  Regional development policy officers research, analyse and develop regional development policies. They implement policies that aim at reducing regional disparities by fostering eco…
• Business lecturer
  Business lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of stu…
• Earth science lecturer
  Earth science lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field o…
• Competition policy officer
  Competition policy officers manage the development of regional and national competition policies and law, in order to regulate competition and competitive practices, to encourage o…
• Economic policy officer
  Economic policy officers develop economic strategies. They monitor aspects of economics such as competitiveness, innovation and trade. Economic policy officers contribute to the de…
• Veterinary medicine lecturer
  Veterinary medicine lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers, and often doctors who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in thei…
• Dentistry lecturer
  Dentistry lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers, and often doctors who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own spec…
• Behavioural scientist
  Behavioural scientists research, observe and describe human behaviour in society. They draw conclusions on the motives that stir actions in humans, observe the various circumstance…
• Journalism lecturer
  Journalism lecturers and media are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised …
• Communications lecturer
  Communications lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field …
• Architecture lecturer
  Architecture lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of…
• Educational psychologist
  Educational psychologists are psychologists employed by educational institutions to provide psychological and emotional support to students in need. They are specialised in the pro…
• Fiscal affairs policy officer
  Fiscal policy officers research, analyse and develop policies related to taxation and government spending in public policy sectors, and implement these policies to improve the exis…
• Fine arts instructor
  Fine arts instructors educate students in specific theory and, primarily, practice-based fine arts courses at a specialised fine arts school or conservatory at a higher education l…
• Pharmacy lecturer
  Pharmacy lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of stu…
• Economic adviser
  Economic advisers research economic developments and advise on economic problems. They forecast trends and behaviour in economics, and advise on finance, trade, fiscal and other re…
• Physics lecturer
  Physics lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of stud…
• Biology lecturer
  Biology lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of stud…
• Education studies lecturer
  Education studies lecturers are professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of st…
• Art studies lecturer
  Art studies lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of …
• Ombudsman
  Ombudsmen resolve disputes between two parties where there is a power imbalance, as an impartial mediator. They interview the parties involved and investigate the case in order to …
• Higher education lecturer
  Higher education lecturers instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, which is predominantly academic in natu…
• Bioinformatics scientist
  A Bioinformatics Scientist is a professional who uses computational techniques and biological data to analyze and interpret complex biological systems. They develop algorithms, sof…
• Immigration policy officer
  Immigration policy officers develop strategies for the integration of refugees and asylum seekers, and policies for the transit of people from one nation to another. They aim to im…
• Performing arts school dance instructor
  Performing arts school dance instructors educate students in specific theory and, primarily, practice-based dance courses at a specialised dance school or conservatory at a higher …
• Chief technology officer
  Chief technology officers contribute to a company's technical vision and lead all aspects of technology development, according to its strategic direction and growth objectives. The…
• Interpretation agency manager
  Interpretation agency managers oversee operations in the delivery of interpretation services. They coordinate the efforts of a team of interpreters who understand and convert spoke…
• Psychology lecturer
  Psychology lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of s…
• Hydropower technician
  Hydropower technicians install and maintain systems in hydropower plants. They perform inspections, analyse problems and carry out repairs. They ensure the turbines operate in comp…
• Music instructor
  Music instructors educate students in specific theory and, primarily, practice-based music courses at a specialised music school or conservatory at a higher education level, includ…
• Political affairs officer
  Political affairs officers analyse developments in foreign politics and other policy matters, monitor conflicts and consult on mediation measures, as well as other developmental st…
• Social work lecturer
  Social work lecturers are professionals who exercise dual roles, on one hand they practice the academic discipline that provides social services, such as counselling, therapy or ad…
• Anthropology lecturer
  Anthropology lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of…
• Agricultural policy officer
  Agricultural policy officers analyse and identify agricultural policy issues and develop plans for improvement and new policy implementation. They write reports and presentations i…
• Food science lecturer
  Food science lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of…
• Sign language interpreter
  A sign language interpreter is a highly skilled professional who facilitates communication between individuals who use sign language and those who communicate verbally. Sign langua…
• Labour market policy officer
  Labour market policy officers research, analyse and develop labour market policies. They implement policies ranging from financial policies to practical policies such as improving …
• History lecturer
  History lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of stud…
• Cartographer
  Cartographers create maps by combining various scientific information depending on the purpose of the map (e.g., topographic, urban, or political maps). They combine the interpreta…
• Philosophy lecturer
  Philosophy lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of s…
• Healthcare specialist lecturer
  Healthcare specialist lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers, and often doctors who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in th…
• Law lecturer
  Law lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, l…
• Material stress analyst
  Material stress analysts plan and use software to perform structural analyses, including static, stability and fatigue analyses on various machines. They develop an analysis of pri…
• Modern languages lecturer
  Modern languages lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised fiel…
• Archaeology lecturer
  Archaeology lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of …
• Assistant lecturer
  Assistant lecturers share university or college lecturers' academic workload, specifically the provision of lectures to students. They prepare and teach classes, and meet with stud…
• Computer science lecturer
  Computer science lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised fiel…
• Linguistics lecturer
  Linguistics lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of …
• Politics lecturer
  Politics lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of stu…
• Policy officer
  Policy officers research, analyse and develop policies in various public sectors, and shape and implement these policies to improve the existing regulation around the sector. They …
• Statistical assistant
  Statistical assistants collect data and use statistical formulas to execute statistical studies and create reports. They create charts, graphs and surveys. Duties A statistical ass…
• Mathematics lecturer
  Mathematics lecturers instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, mathematics, which is predominantly academic…
• Urban planner
  An Urban Planner is responsible for developing plans and programs for land use in urban areas. They aim to create communities, accommodate population growth, and revitalize physica…
• Tourism policy director
  Tourism policy directors develop and implement policies to improve tourism to their region. They develop marketing plans to promote the region in foreign regions, and monitor the o…
• Chemistry lecturer
  Chemistry lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of st…
• Engineering lecturer
  Engineering lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of …
• Political party agent
  Political party agents manage the administrative tasks of a political party, such as budget management, record keeping, writing of agendas, etc. They also ensure productive communi…
• Bioengineer
  Bioengineers combine state of the art findings in the field of biology with engineering logics in order to develop solutions aimed at improving the well-being of society. They can……
• Classical languages lecturer
  Classical languages lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised f…
• Recreation policy officer
  Recreation policy officers research, analyse and develop policies in the sports and recreation sector and implement these policies in order to improve the sport and recreation syst…