Mineralogist

Mineralogists study the composition, structure and other physical aspects of the earth. They analyse various minerals and use scientific equipment to determine their structure and properties. Their work mostly focuses on the classification and identification of minerals by taking samples and performing further tests, analysis and examinations.

Mineralogists typically do the following:

• Identify and classify minerals based on their chemical composition, crystal structure, and physical properties using techniques such as X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy.
• Collect mineral samples from various locations, including field sites, mines, and laboratory settings.
• Analyze the chemical composition of minerals using techniques like mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and electron microprobe analysis.
• Conduct research to understand mineral formation processes, stability conditions, and their geological context.
• Interpret analytical data to draw conclusions about mineral origins, geological history, and potential applications.
• Evaluate mineral deposits for their economic potential, guiding exploration and extraction efforts.
• Study the environmental impact of mining activities and develop strategies for minimizing negative effects, such as contamination and habitat disruption.
• Prepare detailed reports and scientific papers presenting findings, methodologies, and recommendations.
• Educate students and professionals about mineralogy through lectures, workshops, and publications.
• Provide expert advice to industries, government agencies, and environmental organizations on mineral-related issues.

The following job titles also refer to mineralogist:

environmental mineralogist
mineralogy expert
offshore mineralogist
process mineralogist
process mineralogy consultant
applied mineralogist
mineralogy consultant

Mineralogists work in a variety of settings, including laboratories, offices, and field environments. Fieldwork can involve traveling to remote and sometimes challenging locations to collect samples and conduct on-site analyses. This aspect of the job may require physical stamina, the ability to work in different weather conditions, and adherence to safety protocols.

Laboratory work involves using sophisticated equipment and techniques to analyze mineral samples, requiring precision and attention to detail. Office work includes data analysis, report writing, and collaboration with other scientists and industry professionals. The role often involves balancing multiple projects, meeting deadlines, and staying updated with advancements in mineralogical research and technology.

A bachelor’s degree in geology, mineralogy, or a related field is typically required, with many positions preferring candidates with a master’s degree or Ph.D. Specialized coursework in crystallography, geochemistry, petrology, and analytical techniques is beneficial. Practical experience through internships, research projects, or entry-level positions in mining, environmental consulting, or academic settings is highly valued.

Proficiency in using analytical instruments, data analysis software, and geospatial tools is essential. Strong analytical, problem-solving, and communication skills are crucial for interpreting data and conveying findings effectively. Continuous professional development, participation in professional organizations like the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA), and staying updated with industry advancements are important for career progression. Certifications or licensure, such as becoming a Registered Professional Geologist (RPG), can enhance job prospects and credibility in the field.

ISCO skill level is defined as a function of the complexity and range of tasks and duties to be performed in an occupation. It is measured on a scale from 1 to 4, with 1 the lowest level and 4 the highest, by considering:

• the nature of the work performed in an occupation in relation to the characteristic tasks and duties
• the level of formal education required for competent performance of the tasks and duties involved and
• the amount of informal on-the-job training and/or previous experience in a related occupation required for competent performance of these tasks and duties.

Mineralogist is a Skill level 4 occupation.

These occupations, although different, require a lot of knowledge and skills similar to mineralogist.

geologist
palaeontologist
exploration geologist
seismologist
geological engineer

This knowledge should be acquired through learning to fulfill the role of mineralogist.

• Geological mapping: The technique used to create maps that clearly illustrate the geological features and rock layers of an area that may be useful for mining projects and geological explorations.
• Scientific research methodology: The theoretical methodology used in scientific research involving doing background research, constructing a hypothesis, testing it, analysing data and concluding the results.

These skills are necessary for the role of mineralogist.

• Examine geochemical samples: Analyse laboratory samples using equipment such as spectrometers, gas chromatographs, microscopes, microprobes and carbon analysers. Determine the age and characteristics of environmental samples such as minerals, rock or soil.
• Perform laboratory tests: Carry out tests in a laboratory to produce reliable and precise data to support scientific research and product testing.
• Collect geological data: Participate in the collection of geological data such as core logging, geological mapping, geochemical and geophysical surveying, digital data capture, etc.
• Apply statistical analysis techniques: Use models (descriptive or inferential statistics) and techniques (data mining or machine learning) for statistical analysis and ICT tools to analyse data, uncover correlations and forecast trends.
• Perform scientific research: Gain, correct or improve knowledge about phenomena by using scientific methods and techniques, based on empirical or measurable observations.
• Apply safety procedures in laboratory: Make sure that laboratory equipment is used in a safe manner and the handling of samples and specimens is correct. Work to ensure the validity of results obtained in research.
• Operate microscope: Operate a microscope, an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye to see.
• Apply scientific methods: Apply scientific methods and techniques to investigate phenomena, by acquiring new knowledge or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.
• Perform sample testing: Examine and perform tests on prepared samples; avoid any possibility of accidental or deliberate contamination during the testing phase. Operate sampling equipment in line with design parameters.
• Conduct field work: Conduct field work or research which is the collection of information outside of a laboratory or workplace setting. Visit places in order to collect specific information about the field.
• Operate scientific measuring equipment: Operate devices, machinery, and equipment designed for scientific measurement. Scientific equipment consists of specialised measuring instruments refined to facilitate the acquisition of data.
• Test raw minerals: Take samples of mineral materials for testing purposes. Execute various chemical and physical tests on the materials.
• Implement mineral processes: Carry out mineral processing operations, which aim to separate valuable minerals from waste rock or grout. Oversee and implement processes such as samping, analysis and most importantly the electrostatic separation process, which separates valuable materials from mineral ore.
• Advise on geology for mineral extraction: Provide advice of the impact of geological factors on the development of mineral production. Take into account factors such as cost, safety, and characteristics of deposits.
• Process data: Enter information into a data storage and data retrieval system via processes such as scanning, manual keying or electronic data transfer in order to process large amounts of data.
• Determine crystalline structure: Perform tests such as x-ray examinations in order to determine the composition and type of crystalline structure of a specific mineral. This structure is the way the atoms are arranged in a unique geometrical pattern within a mineral.

This knowledge is sometimes, but not always, required for the role of mineralogist. However, mastering this knowledge allows you to have more opportunities for career development.

• Impact of geological factors on mining operations: Be aware of the impact of geological factors, such as faults and rock movements, on mining operations.
• Geographic Information Systems: The tools involved in geographical mapping and positioning, such as GPS (global positioning systems), GIS (geographical information systems), and RS (remote sensing).
• Petrology: The scientific field of geology that studies the composition, structure, texture, other characteristics, and regional gradations of rocks.
• Minerals laws: Law related to land access, exploration permits, planning permission and minerals ownership.
• Geochemistry: The scientific discipline that studies the presence and distribution of chemical elements in the geological systems of Earth.
• Geodesy: The scientific discipline that combines applied mathematics and earth sciences in order to measure and represent the Earth. It studies phenomena such as gravitational fields, polar motion, and tides.
• Sedimentology: The study of sediments, namely sand, clay, and silt, and the natural processes undergone in their formation.
• Geology: Solid earth, rock types, structures and the processes by which they are altered.

These skills and competences are sometimes, but not always, required for the role of mineralogist. However, mastering these skills and competences allows you to have more opportunities for career development.

• Assist with geophysical surveys: Assist with a range of specific, geophysical surveys, using diverse methods such as seismic, magnetic and electromagnetic methods.
• Use earth sciences tools: Employ a number of tools for example geophysical, geochemical, geological mapping and drilling to discover a mineral deposit.
• Collect samples for analysis: Collect samples of materials or products for laboratory analysis.
• Develop geological databases: Develop geological databases in order to acquire and organise information.
• Communicate on minerals issues: Communicate on minerals issues with contractors, politicians and public officials.
• Develop scientific theories: Formulate scientific theories based on empirical observations, gathered data and theories of other scientists.
• Evaluate mineral resources: Search for mineral resources, including minerals, oil, natural gas and similar non-regenerative resources after obtaining legal rights to explore in a specific area. Endorse the assessment of the mineral reserves.
• Create thematic maps: Use various techniques such as choropleth mapping and dasymetric mapping to create thematic maps based on geospatial information, using software programmes.
• Interpret geophysical data: Interpret data of a geophysical nature: Earth’s shape, its gravitational and magnetic fields, its structure and composition, and geophysical dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics.
• Write scientific papers: Present the hypothesis, findings, and conclusions of your scientific research in your field of expertise in a professional publication.
• Separate metals from ores: Apply various chemical and physical methods to separate minerals from their ores such as magnetic, electric or chemical methods
• Collect data using GPS: Gather data in the field using Global Positioning System (GPS) devices.
• Provide information on geological characteristics: Provide information on geological structures, host rock quality, groundwater implications and details on the mineralogical and textural composition of ores to enable mining and processing to be planned efficiently. The geological model is used to design the mine workings for minimum dilution and maximum ore extraction.
• Model mineral deposits: Geologically model mineral deposits in order to determine their location, their aspect and their economic potential.
• Prepare geological map sections: Prepare geological sections, a vertical view of the local geology.
• Label samples: Label raw material/ product samples for laboratory checks, according to implemented quality system.
• Determine characteristics of mineral deposits: Prepare and conduct geological mapping, logging, sampling and assay of drill core and other subsurface rock samples. Analyse results in plans and sections, with particular emphasis on geostatics and sampling theory. Examine in 3D the maps, deposits, drilling locations or mines to determine the location, size, accessibility, contents, value and potential profitability of mineral deposits.

2114 – Geologists and geophysicists

---

References

1. Mineralogist – ESCO
2. How to Become a Mineralogist | EnvironmentalScience.org
3. What Does a Mineralogist Do? – Earth How
4. Featured image: By username, CC BY-SA 3.0